Lymphoma is a type of cancer that begins in the lymphatic system which is part of the body’s immune system responsible for fighting infections The lymphatic system includes a network of lymph vessels lymph nodes the spleen the thymus gland and bone marrow
This system collects and filters lymph a fluid that carries waste products from the body and contains lymphocytes a type of white blood cell that helps fight infections Lymphoma can develop in these areas and may sometimes spread to other organs such as the lungs liver or brain
There are many types of lymphoma but the two main categories are Hodgkin lymphoma which accounts for about 15 percent of cases and non Hodgkin lymphoma which represents about 85 percent of cases
The best treatment for lymphoma depends on the type of lymphoma and how advanced the disease is Treatment options may include chemotherapy immunotherapy radiation therapy bone marrow transplantation or a combination of these approaches
Common symptoms of lymphoma may include painless swelling of lymph nodes in the neck armpits or groin persistent fatigue fever night sweats shortness of breath unexplained weight loss and itchy skin
Doctors advise seeking medical attention if such symptoms persist or cause concern Early medical evaluation can help determine the cause and ensure appropriate treatment
The exact cause of lymphoma is not always known However the disease begins when a genetic mutation occurs in a lymphocyte a type of white blood cell that normally helps fight infections This mutation causes the cell to multiply rapidly and survive longer than normal cells As a result abnormal lymphocytes accumulate in lymph nodes and other organs which may cause swelling of the lymph nodes spleen and liver
Certain factors may increase the risk of developing lymphoma These include age as some types are more common in young adults while others occur more frequently in people over 55 Being male slightly increases the risk Having a weakened immune system or taking medications that suppress immune function may also raise the risk Some infections such as the Epstein Barr virus and Helicobacter pylori infection have also been associated with a higher risk of lymphoma
