Weight gain can occur for many reasons and does not automatically indicate a medical problem. However, rapid or unexplained weight gain despite no major changes in diet or physical activity may sometimes be associated with an underlying health condition.
Endocrinologist Alexander Yurochkin highlighted several conditions that can contribute to weight changes in women.
1. Hypothyroidism
Hypothyroidism occurs when the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormones. Because these hormones help regulate metabolism, an underactive thyroid can contribute to weight gain.
Other possible symptoms include fatigue, feeling unusually cold, dry skin, constipation, hair changes, difficulty concentrating and menstrual changes.
Weight gain caused by hypothyroidism is usually modest, and some of it may result from fluid retention rather than increased body fat alone.
2. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal disorder that can affect menstrual cycles, fertility and metabolism.
Many women with PCOS also have insulin resistance, which can make weight management more difficult. Other possible signs include irregular periods, acne and increased facial or body hair.
However, weight gain alone is not enough to diagnose PCOS.
3. Perimenopause and Menopause
Hormonal changes during perimenopause and menopause can influence body composition and where fat is stored, particularly around the abdomen.
Age-related changes in metabolism, sleep, muscle mass and physical activity can also contribute to weight gain during this stage of life.
4. Cushing Syndrome
Excessive exposure to the hormone cortisol can cause Cushing syndrome, a relatively uncommon condition associated with weight gain, particularly around the abdomen, face and upper body.
Other signs may include easy bruising, muscle weakness, purple stretch marks and high blood pressure.
Cushing syndrome can result from prolonged use of corticosteroid medications or from conditions that cause the body to produce excessive cortisol. Some cases involve tumors of the pituitary or adrenal glands, but unexplained weight gain by itself does not suggest a brain tumor.
Sudden or persistent unexplained weight gain should be discussed with a healthcare professional, particularly when accompanied by other symptoms. Appropriate examination and laboratory testing can help determine whether hormonal or other medical factors are involved.
This material is for informational purposes and does not replace professional medical diagnosis or treatment.
